From ‘Aam’ to ‘Khaas’: The AAP’s Paradox of Anti-Corruption, Politics as Business and Public Service Provision in Delhi

Abstract

This chapter examines the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) in Delhi, exploring its evolution from an anti-corruption movement to a platform for public service reform and political entrepreneurship. Initially celebrated for its grassroots approach, the AAP had initially created windows of opportunity for individuals from marginalised backgrounds—often lacking material or social capital—to enter politics. However, holding political office often transforms an “aam” (common) individual into “khaas” (privileged), as financial resources become critical for sustaining political survival. Campaign expenses, loyalty-building efforts through the distribution of money or business opportunities, and informal payments to secure influence illustrate how holding a political office has become a business-like enterprise.

Drawing on ethnographic data from a specific constituency, this chapter explores how political connections facilitate access to formal and informal networks of influence and patronage, which are leveraged as means to finance party activities and for personal gain. Officeholders often collaborate with locally powerful actors, exchanging political favours for financial support, which secures their current positions and ensures their survival beyond politics. Public service provision, particularly water distribution, is analysed as both a tool for mobilising support and a revenue-generating mechanism to fund political activities.

The chapter highlights the paradox of AAP’s model: while democratising access to political power, it perpetuates the commercialisation of governance and entrenches patronage networks. By examining these dynamics, the chapter provides a critical lens on the AAP’s trajectory and its implications for political behaviour and governance in contemporary India.